Chapter 9

           

           PursuedbytheFrencharmyofahundredthousandmenunderthecommandofBonaparte,encounteringapopulationthatwasunfriendlytoit,losingconfidenceinitsallies,sufferingfromshortnessofsupplies,andcompelledtoactunderconditionsofwarunlikeanythingthathadbeenforeseen,theRussianarmyofthirty-fivethousandmencommandedbyKutúzovwashurriedlyretreatingalongtheDanube,stoppingwhereovertakenbytheenemyandfightingrearguardactionsonlyasfarasnecessarytoenableittoretreatwithoutlosingitsheavyequipment.TherehadbeenactionsatLambach,Amstetten,andMelk;butdespitethecourageandendurance—acknowledgedevenbytheenemy—withwhichtheRussiansfought,theonlyconsequenceoftheseactionswasayetmorerapidretreat.AustriantroopsthathadescapedcaptureatUlmandhadjoinedKutúzovatBraunaunowseparatedfromtheRussianarmy,andKutúzovwasleftwithonlyhisownweakandexhaustedforces.ThedefenseofViennawasnolongertobethoughtof.Insteadofanoffensive,theplanofwhich,carefullypreparedinaccordwiththemodernscienceofstrategics,hadbeenhandedtoKutúzovwhenhewasinViennabytheAustrianHofkriegsrath,thesoleandalmostunattainableaimremainingforhimwastoeffectajunctionwiththeforcesthatwereadvancingfromRussia,withoutlosinghisarmyasMackhaddoneatUlm.

           Onthetwenty-eighthofOctoberKutúzovwithhisarmycrossedtotheleftbankoftheDanubeandtookupapositionforthefirsttimewiththeriverbetweenhimselfandthemainbodyoftheFrench.

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