Chapter 11

           

           Historyexaminesthemanifestationsofman’sfreewillinconnectionwiththeexternalworldintimeandindependenceoncause,thatis,itdefinesthisfreedombythelawsofreason,andsohistoryisascienceonlyinsofarasthisfreewillisdefinedbythoselaws.

           Therecognitionofman’sfreewillassomethingcapableofinfluencinghistoricalevents,thatis,asnotsubjecttolaws,isthesameforhistoryastherecognitionofafreeforcemovingtheheavenlybodieswouldbeforastronomy.

           Thatassumptionwoulddestroythepossibilityoftheexistenceoflaws,thatis,ofanysciencewhatever.Ifthereisevenasinglebodymovingfreely,thenthelawsofKeplerandNewtonarenegativedandnoconceptionofthemovementoftheheavenlybodiesanylongerexists.Ifanysingleactionisduetofreewill,thennotasinglehistoricallawcanexist,noranyconceptionofhistoricalevents.

           Forhistory,linesexistofthemovementofhumanwills,oneendofwhichishiddenintheunknownbutattheotherendofwhichaconsciousnessofman’swillinthepresentmovesinspace,time,anddependenceoncause.

           Themorethisfieldofmotionspreadsoutbeforeoureyes,themoreevidentarethelawsofthatmovement.Todiscoveranddefinethoselawsistheproblemofhistory.

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