Война и мир

Chapter 8

           

           Iftheconsciousnessoffreedomwerenotaseparateandindependentsourceofself-consciousnessitwouldbesubjecttoreasoningandtoexperience,butinfactsuchsubjectiondoesnotexistandisinconceivable.

           Aseriesofexperimentsandargumentsprovestoeverymanthathe,asanobjectofobservation,issubjecttocertainlaws,andmansubmitstothemandneverresiststhelawsofgravityorimpermeabilityoncehehasbecomeacquaintedwiththem.Butthesameseriesofexperimentsandargumentsprovestohimthatthecompletefreedomofwhichheisconsciousinhimselfisimpossible,andthathiseveryactiondependsonhisorganization,hischaracter,andthemotivesactinguponhim;yetmanneversubmitstothedeductionsoftheseexperimentsandarguments.Havinglearnedfromexperimentandargumentthatastonefallsdownwards,amanindubitablybelievesthisandalwaysexpectsthelawthathehaslearnedtobefulfilled.

           Butlearningjustascertainlythathiswillissubjecttolaws,hedoesnotandcannotbelievethis.

           Howeveroftenexperimentandreasoningmayshowamanthatunderthesameconditionsandwiththesamecharacterhewilldothesamethingasbefore,yetwhenunderthesameconditionsandwiththesamecharacterheapproachesforthethousandthtimetheactionthatalwaysendsinthesameway,hefeelsascertainlyconvincedasbeforetheexperimentthathecanactashepleases.

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