Война и мир

Chapter 8

           

           Theproblemisthatregardingmanasasubjectofobservationfromwhateverpointofview—theological,historical,ethical,orphilosophic—wefindagenerallawofnecessitytowhichhe(likeallthatexists)issubject.Butregardinghimfromwithinourselvesaswhatweareconsciousof,wefeelourselvestobefree.

           Thisconsciousnessisasourceofself-cognitionquiteapartfromandindependentofreason.Throughhisreasonmanobserveshimself,butonlythroughconsciousnessdoesheknowhimself.

           Apartfromconsciousnessofselfnoobservationorapplicationofreasonisconceivable.

           Tounderstand,observe,anddrawconclusions,manmustfirstofallbeconsciousofhimselfasliving.Amanisonlyconsciousofhimselfasalivingbeingbythefactthathewills,thatis,isconsciousofhisvolition.Buthiswill—whichformstheessenceofhislife—manrecognizes(andcanbutrecognize)asfree.

           If,observinghimself,manseesthathiswillisalwaysdirectedbyoneandthesamelaw(whetherheobservesthenecessityoftakingfood,usinghisbrain,oranythingelse)hecannotrecognizethisnever-varyingdirectionofhiswillotherwisethanasalimitationofit.Wereitnotfreeitcouldnotbelimited.Aman’swillseemstohimtobelimitedjustbecauseheisnotconsciousofitexceptasfree.

           Yousay:Iamnotfree.ButIhaveliftedmyhandandletitfall.Everyoneunderstandsthatthisillogicalreplyisanirrefutabledemonstrationoffreedom.

           Thatreplyistheexpressionofaconsciousnessthatisnotsubjecttoreason.

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