Война и мир

Chapter 9

           

           Whateverpresentationoftheactivityofmanymenorofanindividualwemayconsider,wealwaysregarditastheresultpartlyofman’sfreewillandpartlyofthelawofinevitability.

           Whetherwespeakofthemigrationofthepeoplesandtheincursionsofthebarbarians,orofthedecreesofNapoleonIII,orofsomeone’sactionanhouragoinchoosingonedirectionoutofseveralforhiswalk,weareunconsciousofanycontradiction.Thedegreeoffreedomandinevitabilitygoverningtheactionsofthesepeopleisclearlydefinedforus.

           Ourconceptionofthedegreeoffreedomoftenvariesaccordingtodifferencesinthepointofviewfromwhichweregardtheevent,buteveryhumanactionappearstousasacertaincombinationoffreedomandinevitability.Ineveryactionweexamineweseeacertainmeasureoffreedomandacertainmeasureofinevitability.Andalwaysthemorefreedomweseeinanyactionthelessinevitabilitydoweperceive,andthemoreinevitabilitythelessfreedom.

           Theproportionoffreedomtoinevitabilitydecreasesandincreasesaccordingtothepointofviewfromwhichtheactionisregarded,buttheirrelationisalwaysoneofinverseproportion.

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