Война и мир

Chapter 2

           

           Thisproblemisonlysolvableifweceasearbitrarilytosubstitutefortheunknownxitselftheconditionsunderwhichthatforcebecomesapparent—suchasthecommandsofthegeneral,theequipmentemployed,andsoon—mistakingthesefortherealsignificanceofthefactor,andifwerecognizethisunknownquantityinitsentiretyasbeingthegreaterorlesserdesiretofightandtofacedanger.Onlythen,expressingknownhistoricfactsbyequationsandcomparingtherelativesignificanceofthisfactor,canwehopetodefinetheunknown.

           Tenmen,battalions,ordivisions,fightingfifteenmen,battalions,ordivisions,conquer—thatis,killortakecaptive—alltheothers,whilethemselveslosingfour,sothatontheonesidefourandontheotherfifteenwerelost.Consequentlythefourwereequaltothefifteen,andtherefore4x=15y.Consequentlyx/y=15/4.Thisequationdoesnotgiveusthevalueoftheunknownfactorbutgivesusaratiobetweentwounknowns.Andbybringingvariouslyselectedhistoricunits(battles,campaigns,periodsofwar)intosuchequations,aseriesofnumberscouldbeobtainedinwhichcertainlawsshouldexistandmightbediscovered.

           Thetacticalrulethatanarmyshouldactinmasseswhenattacking,andinsmallergroupsinretreat,unconsciouslyconfirmsthetruththatthestrengthofanarmydependsonitsspirit.Toleadmenforwardunderfiremorediscipline(obtainableonlybymovementinmasses)isneededthanisneededtoresistattacks

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