Война и мир

Chapter 1

           TheluringofNapoleonintothedepthsofthecountrywasnottheresultofanyplan,fornoonebelievedittobepossible;itresultedfromamostcomplexinterplayofintrigues,aims,andwishesamongthosewhotookpartinthewarandhadnoperceptionwhateveroftheinevitable,oroftheonewayofsavingRussia.Everythingcameaboutfortuitously.Thearmiesweredividedatthecommencementofthecampaign.Wetriedtounitethem,withtheevidentintentionofgivingbattleandcheckingtheenemy’sadvance,andbythisefforttounitethemwhileavoidingbattlewithamuchstrongerenemy,andnecessarilywithdrawingthearmiesatanacuteangle—weledtheFrenchontoSmolénsk.ButwewithdrewatanacuteanglenotonlybecausetheFrenchadvancedbetweenourtwoarmies;theanglebecamestillmoreacuteandwewithdrewstillfarther,becauseBarclaydeTollywasanunpopularforeignerdislikedbyBagratión(whowouldcomeunderhiscommand),andBagratión—beingincommandofthesecondarmy—triedtopostponejoiningupandcomingunderBarclay’scommandaslongashecould.Bagratiónwasslowineffectingthejunction—thoughthatwasthechiefaimofallatheadquarters—because,ashealleged,heexposedhisarmytodangeronthismarch,anditwasbestforhimtoretiremoretotheleftandmoretothesouth,worryingtheenemyfromflankandrearandsecuringfromtheUkrainerecruitsforhisarmy;anditlooksasifheplannedthisinordernottocomeunderthecommandofthedetestedforeignerBarclay,whoserankwasinferiortohisown.

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