Мартин Иден

Chapter 13

           ButhewasnowlearningfromSpencerthatheneverhadknown,andthathenevercouldhaveknownhadhecontinuedhissailingandwanderingforever. Hehadmerelyskimmedoverthesurfaceofthings,observingdetachedphenomena,accumulatingfragmentsoffacts,makingsuperficiallittlegeneralizationsandallandeverythingquiteunrelatedinacapriciousanddisorderlyworldofwhimandchance. Themechanismoftheflightofbirdshehadwatchedandreasonedaboutwithunderstanding; butithadneverenteredhisheadtotrytoexplaintheprocesswherebybirds,asorganicflyingmechanisms,hadbeendeveloped. Hehadneverdreamedtherewassuchaprocess. Thatbirdsshouldhavecometobe,wasunguessed. Theyalwayshadbeen. Theyjusthappened. 

           Andasitwaswithbirds,sohaditbeenwitheverything. Hisignorantandunpreparedattemptsatphilosophyhadbeenfruitless. ThemedievalmetaphysicsofKanthadgivenhimthekeytonothing,andhadservedthesolepurposeofmakinghimdoubthisownintellectualpowers. InsimilarmannerhisattempttostudyevolutionhadbeenconfinedtoahopelesslytechnicalvolumebyRomanes. Hehadunderstoodnothing,andtheonlyideahehadgatheredwasthatevolutionwasadry-as-dusttheory,ofalotoflittlemenpossessedofhugeandunintelligiblevocabularies. Andnowhelearnedthatevolutionwasnomeretheorybutanacceptedprocessofdevelopment; thatscientistsnolongerdisagreedaboutit,theironlydifferencesbeingoverthemethodofevolution. 

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